Skin Care Products For Different Skin Types

-Medical News

Every skin is different; therefore, it is important to know all types of skin and the diseases that may affect each one. How to know my skin type?

Several criteria are used to classify the different types of skin. For example, Fitzpatrick’s classification, first described in 1975, is based on skin color and its response to sun exposure. It is used to determine the proper type of sun protection factor or to predict the risk of skin cancer, among others. However, from a cosmetic point of view, skin is classified according to several factors related to its balance: sebaceous secretion, hydration and sensitivity level. Thus, each type of skin will have its own characteristics and require different cares. The type of skin is determined by genetics, although it will also be affected by other factors and can change with time.

Based on these characteristics, there are five types of healthy skin: normal, dry, oily, combination (both oily and dry skin) and sensitive. Below, we describe the main characteristics of each type of skin.

-NORMAL SKIN

This skin is neither too dry nor too oily. It has regular texture, no imperfections and a clean, soft appearance, and does not need special care.

-SENSITIVE SKIN

Sensitive skin is more prone to react to stimuli to which normal skin has no reaction. It is a fragile skin, usually accompanied by feelings of discomfort, such as heat, tightness, redness or itching. This type of skin loses its barrier (or protective) function, making it easy for microorganisms and irritant substances to enter it, and increasing the possibility of having an infection and allergic reactions. It is a delicate skin that needs more care to fight dryness, roughness and its usual appearance. Sometimes, it is referred to as irritated skin instead of sensitive, but these terms are synonymous and there are no dermatological differences between them.

-DRY SKIN

In many cases, dry skin is caused by external factors such as the weather, low air humidity and immersion in hot water, and it is usually temporary. However, for some people it may occur more often and even be a lifelong condition. Since dry skin can crack leaving it more exposed to bacteria, although in general this is not serious, it may cause other skin disorders, such as eczema, or be more prone to infections if not properly managed.

Dry skin signs and symptoms may vary depending on different factors such as age, health status or their cause. It is generally characterized by a feeling of tightness and roughness. It may also acquire an ashy gray color, with occurrence of desquamation, itching, redness and small cracks. Cracked skin is usually observed in very dry skin and presents small cracks, which, in more serious cases, may be deeper and even bleed.

Atopic skin is a skin disease characterized by dry skin that leads to desquamation and irritation and causes upsetting symptoms, such as itching. The main cause is genetic predisposition, although other factors may trigger its occurrence or aggravate the condition as well, which may be environmental, allergic, related with food and even with some clothes.

-OILY SKIN

Oily skin has a porous, humid and bright appearance. It is caused by excessive fat production by sebaceous glands, and usually determined by genetic and/or hormonal causes. It is frequent in adolescents and young people under 30 years old, and usually related with the occurrence of acne.

-COMBINATION SKIN

Based on its location, it presents characteristics of both dry and oily skin since the distribution of sebaceous and sweat glands is not homogeneous. The area with more oil is usually the T- zone (forehead, nose, and chin), while the skin on the cheeks is normal or dry.

-SCALY SKIN

Repeated skin irritation due to environmental factors, such as the sun, the wind, dryness or excessive humidity, may cause skin desquamation, that is the detachment of big scales from the epidermis, which sometimes look like fine dust. However, desquamation may also be the result of some condition, such as an allergic reaction, a fungal or staphylococcus infection, an immune system disorder or cancer, and of oncological treatments. In these cases, desquamation is usually accompanied by itching.

-RED SPOTS

There is a large number of dermatological causes and diseases for the appearance of red spots or rash, including infections, heat, allergens, immune system disorders and medications.

SKIN MOLES

Moles are dark dots or spots on the skin that usually appear during childhood and adolescence. They are caused by groups of pigmented cells. In general they are harmless, but it is best to check them with a dermatologist if they change size, shape or color, or if itching or bleeding occurs, since some may become cancerous

How to choose different products based on skin type.

People can buy skin care products to suit different skin types, concerns, and needs. Some products may not be suitable for individuals prone to allergic reactions, and some can increase the skin’s sensitivity to sunlight. For this reason, people should research different skin products to find the best one for them.

Some factors can help a person choose a skin care product based on their skin type. These include:

• Ingredients: Some ingredients are unsuitable for all skin types, as they can irritate. People with sensitive skin may wish to consider choosing products that do not contain fragrances, parabens, or sulfates.
• Reviews: People can read other customers’ reviews to check whether or not a product is suitable for their skin type or condition.
• Personal habits: These affect how a person looks after their skin. For example, some products may increase the skin’s sensitivity to sunlight, so they may not be the best option for individuals who spend a lot of time in the sun.

• Normal skin: This is skin that has fine pores, healthy blood circulation, and a smooth texture. It can become dryer with aging in a condition that doctors may refer to as age-induced dryness.
• Dry skin: This skin produces less sebum than normal skin. This means it cannot lock in moisture and protect itself from external germs. People with dry skin may experience scaling, flakiness in patches, itchiness, and feelings of tightness.
• Oily skin: This type of skin overproduces sebum, sometimes due to hormonal changes, stress, and medication use. The skin usually has visible pores, a glossy shine, and may be prone to acne.
• Combination skin: This skin has some areas that are oily and some that are dry. For example, people with combination skin may have an oily forehead, chin, and nose but normal-to-dry cheeks
•    Types of products

• There are several different types of products available for the skin, including:

  • Serums: These may have antioxidant properties that protect the skin from pollution and UV rays. They are also effective in hydrating dry skin.
  • Moisturizers: These hydrate the skin and lock in moisture. Using them after taking a bath or shower can help prevent dry skin. People with oily skin may want to choose a lighter moisturizer.
  • Exfoliators: These remove dead skin cells from the skin’s top layer and may improve circulation. However, they may also cause irritation and might not suit sensitive skin.
  • Eye creams: An older study found that eye products may improve under-eye smoothness and reduce the depth of larger wrinkles. Sensitive skin: People with sensitive skin are more prone to inflammation or adverse reactions. Sensitive skin can be a symptom of conditions such as rosacea or eczema.
  About skin health

  The American Skin Association states that the skin is the largest body organ and prevents harmful bacteria from damaging a person’s internal organs.

  The skin also plays a role in:

  • regulating body temperature
  • recognizing pain sensations
  • controlling moisture loss

  Some factors can damage the skin. These include sun exposure, dehydration, and smoking.

  However, there are natural remedies that a person can try to protect and nourish their skin, including:

  • Dealing with stress: Stress can lead to acne, psoriasis, scalp rash, and hives. People may wish to consider trying yoga or meditation to reduce their stress levels.
  • Eating a healthy diet: Diet can affect skin health. For example, a 2017 study that researchers conducted on mice found that consuming tomatoes daily reduced the risk of skin cancer tumors by 50% after sun exposure. Learn about eating a healthy diet here.
  • Limiting the use of soaps: People should aim to use soap-free cleansers, as products containing alcohol and soaps can remove the skin’s natural oils.
  • Wearing sunscreen: Sunscreens with an SPF of 50 can protect the skin from harmful UV rays. People should reapply sunscreen every 2 hours and wear sunglasses and wide-brimmed hats for added protection.
    

    What are good ways to practice skin care?

    According to the American Academy of Dermatology Association (AADA), the order in which a person uses skin care products affects how well the products perform. The AADA recommends the following skin care sequence:

  • Step 1: Wash the face with a gentle cleanser.
  • Step 2: Pat the skin dry.
  • Step 3: Gently apply any skin treatments or medications.
  • Step 4: Apply moisturizer and sunscreen.
  • Step 5: Apply makeup last, if using.
    

    What are helpful skin care routines?

    The best skin care routine for a person involves using products appropriate for their skin type and one they can follow regularly. Dermatologists recommend these basic steps:

    • using a gentle cleanser
    • applying a moisturizer
    • applying sunscreen